Oil burner



Dec. 13, 1927. 1,652,803

7 c. M. STRQUD OIL BURNER Filed April 10. 1925 Patented Dec. 13, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES M. STROUD, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF '10 LESLIE H. FAWKES, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

OIL BURNER.

. Application filed April 10, 1925.

The invention relates to improvementsin oil burners particularly adapted for use in connection with heating plants of the ordinary construction, such as are commonly employed for heating homes and buildings, and by the use of such a heating plant may readily and quickly be converted into an efficient-liquid fuel burning furnace.

The particular object of the invention is to provide an oil burner which is an improvement on the form of burners featured in my prior pending applications Serial Nos. 735,867 and 756,908 filed September 4E, and December 19, 1924, respectively.

An object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of simple and inexpensive .con struction having an atomizing chamber or retort provided in the upper portion thereof, the bottom of which chamber is cone-shaped and has an orifice provided in the apex thereof through which the liquid fuel is delivered to the chamber, and said chamber also having a series of annular grooves provided in the cone-shaped bottom thereof, which are separated by raised ridges over which the liquid fuel must flow from one groove to the next until it reaches a series of discharge apertures through which the thus partially atomized fuel is discharged into a vaporizing and mixing chamber for admixture with air.

A further object of the invention is to provide such an oil burner having an annular vaporizing and mixing chamber into which the liquid fuel is discharged in a partially vaporized state for complete vaporization and mixing with air, and said chamber having means therein for equally distributing any partially vaporized fuel entering therein, thereby causing the resultant flame from the burner to be uniform and even.

A further object is to provide an oil burner having an outwardly flared or coneshaped air intake thereby increasing the flow of air through the burner.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description and the accompanying drawings and will be pointed out in the annexed claims.

In the drawings, there has been disclosed a structure designed to carry out the various objects of the invention but it is to be understood that the invention is not confined to the exact features shown, as various Serial No. 22,135.

changesmay be made within the scope of the claims which follow.

In the drawings,

F igure- 1 is a vertical sectional view through the improved burner;

Figure 2 is asectional plan view on the line 22 of Figure 1 with a portion of the burner broken away.

The novel oil burner featured in this invention preferably comprises an outwardly flared or cone-shaped air intake pipe 3 having a. foot 4 provided'on the lower portion thereof whereby it may be conveniently secured to a base plate 5 or to the floor. An elbow 6 is secured to the reduced end portion 7 of the intake pipe 3. This elbow preferably has an upright pipe section or cylinder 8 secured thereto by means of threads 9. The elbow 6 may be conveniently supported upon a pedestal or support comprised of a T-fitting 11 having its lower end secured to a floor plate 12 by means of a threaded nipple 13. A reducing bushing 14 is preferably provided in the side outlet of the T-fittingand an oil feed pipe 15 has one end secured to this bushing as clearly shown in Figure 1. A pipe section 16 is mounted in the upper outlet of the T-fitting 11 and upwardly extends throughan aperture in the lower portion of the elbow 6. A boss 17 is preferably provided on the elbow 6 in order to provide a seat for a spacing collar 18 mounted upon the upright pipe section 16 and having its lower end resting upon the upper face of the T-fitting 11. Thls spacing collar 18 functions to provide a connecting means between the lower face of the hub 17 and the T-fitting 11 to carry the weight ing collar may-be varied to adjust the upright pipesection to the properlevel.

A reducing coupling 19' is terminally mounted on the upright pipe section 16 and preferably has a relatively smaller pi e section 21 mounted therein which upwar ly extends through the cylinder 8 and has a coneshaped member 22 secured to the upper end thereof, above the upper end of the cylinder 8. This cone-shaped member 22 has an a erture 23 provided in the apex thereof w ich is in communication with the interior of the pipe section 21. A cylindrical casing 24 is preferably integrally formed. with the outer portion of the co e-shaped member 22 and extends downwardly therefrom to enclose the major portion of the cylinder 8. The diameter of the casing 24 is relatively greater than that of the cylinder 8, thereby pro viding an annular mixing chamber 25 around the cylinder 8 1nto which the partially vaporized fuel is delivered from the upper portion of the burner. The walls of the casing 24 also preferably extend upwardly to a point slightly above the apex ofthe coneshaped member 22. A cover 26 is seated upon the upper end of the casing thereby providing a. vaporizing chamber 27 into which the fuel oil is discharged from the oil feed pipe 21. As shown in the drawing, the upper surface of the cone-shaped member 22 preferably has formed thereon a plurality of annular grooves 28 which are separated by raised ridges 29, in distinction from the spiral or continuous groove'shown in the cone member of my pending application #735867/ These grooves and ridges function to atomize the liquid fuel as it flows downwardly thereover from the apex of the member 22. The grooves 28 also function to evenly distribute the flow of liquid from the orifice 23., over the entire surface of the cone-shaped member so that the fuel oil will be practically vaporized in the heating chamber 27, before entering the annular mixing chamber 25,;after the burner has been started. A series of relatively small ducts or passages 31 are provided in the I materially in vaporizing any of the fuel which may be delivered to these ducts from the annular grooves in an unvaporized condition. A suitable numberof these ducts are provided adjacent the wall of the casing 24 as indicated in Figure 2 of the drawing.

A feature of this invention resides inthe provision of an annular groove 32 formed in the lower portion of the casing 24 fllhis groove functions as av means tocatch any fuel oil whiclrmay flow downwardly overthe inner surface of the casing wall 24 when startingthe burner. Any oil entering this groove will beequally distributed around in the groove by the actionof the airrnrrents so that the'fiow of air through the chamber 25 will cause such oil to' be downwardly blown against a corrugated surface 33pmvided in the lower central portion of a primng pan or saucer-like member Such action of the air against thepartially atomized fuel oil in the groove 32 will cause it to become thoroughly atomized so that it may readily be ignited. The priming pan 34 is mounted to encircle the upright cylinder 8. A spacing collar or'ring 35 is preferably interposed between the lower portion thereof and the upper face of the elbow 6 to provide a supporting means therefor. The height of this ring may be varied to adjust the posi tion of the priming pan with relation to the lower edgeof the'casing 24."

An upright flange 36 is preferably integrally formed in the pan 34 and functions to deflect themixture of air and fuel oil upwardly after passage thereof downwardly and outwardly around the lower edge of the casing 24 as indicated by the arrows in Fig ure 1.. By means of this upright flange 36 and the corrugated surface 33 in the lower portion of the priming pan,- the fuel oil will be thoroughly atomized before being directed outwardly from the burner, thereby providing a highly combustible mixture which may readily be ignited when the burner is cold. After the burner has been started and the casing, 24 becomes thoroughly. heated. the chamber 27 at the upper portion of the burner will function as a retort or a means for preheating and vaporizing the fuel oil before it is discharged intothe annular mixing chamber 25. Also as the fuel enters the mixing chamber 25 through the ducts 31, it will be blown outwardly against the heated wall of thecasing 24, thereby causing it to become thoroughly vaporized and mixed with air before being discharged outwardly from beneath thelower edge of the casing 24. An oil overflow pipe 37 is preferably connected with the priming pan 34 to return any oil accumulating in the member 34 back to its source. I I

The construction of this novel burner is such that it may-readily be usedin connection withfurnacesor heating plants of ordinary construction. As a result of the enlarged intake opening of the intake pipe 3, this novel burner may readily be used without' the need of applying power operated means thereto for forcing air through the burner, its design being suchthatthe nat- 3 ural draft of, the furnace will besufficient to supply :sufiicient air to the burner at all times.

I claim as invention I I v 1. A liquid fuel burner comprising a priming panliaving an air intake projecting above the same, a casing encircling said intake and spacedtherefrom to form amixing chamber said casing beingalso spaced from said priming pan, the currents of fuel-laden air flowing downwardly through said mixing chamber under said casing and the surface of said pan being corrugat for receivingand deflecting such currents of air llD and atomizing the particles of fuel suspendedtherein, said pan having an upwardly projecting flange encircling said casing and spaced therefrom and cooperating with said corrugated surface to deflect the air currents and mix the vaporized fuel therewith.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprising a priming pan, an air intake pipe passing upwardly through the pan and supporting and sealingly engaging the same, a casing encircling the pipe and spaced therefrom and from the pan to form a mixing chamber, and adapted to receive and downwardly direct the currents of air received through the air pipe, a conical partition in said casing above said air pipe forming an upper vaporizing chamber for receiving the liquid fuel, said chamber having a convex bottom and said partition having a plurality of com paratively small elongated passages, the walls of which are adapted to be heated to aid in vaporizing the fuel before it is discharged into the mixing chamber, said pan having corrugations disposed beneath said casing.

3. A liquid fuel burner comprising a priming pan, a sleeve centrally arranged with respect thereto and projecting a considerable distance above said pan and adapted to form an air intake, a casing encircling said sleeve and spaced therefrom and from said pan and having a closed top, and means bet-ween the tops of said casing and said sleeve forming a retort within said casing whereto the liquid fuel is delivered, the lower walls of said retort having ports leading therefrom to the space between said casing and sleeve, said sleeve delivering air currents to flow downwardly in the space between said sleeve and casing and mingle with the vaporized fuel from said ports, the lower portion of said casing cooperating with said pan to atomize and vaporize particles of liquid fuel which may be held in suspension in said air currents, said pan having a flange encircling the lower portion of said casing and spaced therefrom and operating to upwardly direct the vapor-laden air currents from between said sleeve and casing.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 6th day of April, 1925.

CHARLES M. STROUD. 

